Islamism in Nubia and Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Islamism in Nubia and Egypt - Essay Example The arrival of the Arab Muslims into the Christian Country of Egypt began the call to Islam. They penetrated the country to restrain it and bring it under their dominion. Their arrival sparked off the process of Islamization in Egypt. Although throughout the history of Egypt the conversion to Islam was quite gradual but a steady trickle of Copts converting to Islam was inevitable. At some points, this trickle distended to a steady or even gushing flow of new converts. The Islamisation of Egypt went through stages which were diverse in nature and occurred at different stages in its history. People in Egypt were taken by surprise when the triumph of the Muslim Brotherhood achieved a fifth parliamentary seat in the 2005 elections. Concurrent to this shock is the escalating number of attacks on Copts in the country. These two events are in fact connected and should be viewed as a natural consequence of persistent efforts over the past few decades to Islamise the country. Egypt's system o f government that was on the threshold of collapse under a corrupt monarchy some six decades ago, nearly succumb to the leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood. ... of the "Free Officers" had formerly been Brotherhood members and, as new leaders, it was apparent they had exceptional connections with the Brotherhood, but the realities of ruling soon led to differences of interests. This eventually led to the ban of the Brotherhood in 1954, and its objectives and designs had to be set aside. Nevertheless, these goals and aspirations never really died. The years of the Nasser with successes, losses, and experimentations with Arabism and socialism, those set-aside aspirations were revived with the arrival of Anwar Sadat. He commenced his rule by providing avenues to the Brotherhood and other Islamic groups. He then began what has been famously dubbed as the "Great Islamic Transformation" of Egypt. There transpired changes in the constitution to where the Principles of Islamic Shari'a were "a main source" of legislation. This was stipulated in the Second Article of his new Constitution that was promulgated in 1971. The "a" was then replaced with "the", that made Shari'a the term of reference for the entire constitution, therefore stating that all other articles will be interpreted in that sense. This was done in May of 1981. This significant change provided the official, political, and 'psychological' foundation for the Islamic transformation to advance in an unstoppable pace. "I am a Muslim president of a Muslim state." This famous slogan of Sadat was an apparent manifestation of this historical transformation. Those who have endured the most sufferings during the drastic transformation are the Copts. "I can no longer stand the insults and the spitting in my face because I don't wear hijab. I have become a stranger to my own country." This was a statement made by a young Coptic woman from Alexandria, as quoted by one of the

Forms of Business Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forms of Business Organisations - Essay Example Thus, â€Å"every partner in a firm other than an incorporated limited partnership is liable jointly with the partner’s co-partners, and also severally, for everything for which the firm becomes liable under section 10 or 11.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Joint and several liability means, within the partnership context, that the claimant may bring a claim against all of the partners or choose to recover the entire amount of damages from only one or some of the partners, leaving the partner/s whom the claimant has/have successfully recovered from to go after other partners for the latter’s proportionate contribution to the claim. Applying the above principles, it can be concluded that Stacey can go after both Bertha and Sam or either Bertha and Sam for the recovery of damages caused to his spine due to the wrongful practices of the firm, regardless of whether only one of the partners is at fault or both. In a joint and several liability, the partners will be left to determine for the mselves their exact liability and recover from each other the amount of the other’s liability. Therefore, Besa Constructions should seriously consider accepting liability for the injury of Stacey after validating the reports of the insurers. Since the firm is not a separate entity from its owners, this means that Bertha or Sam or both should pay the claim, in accordance to the extent of their individual participation in the wrongful company practices. Moreover, they should initiate a change in its existing working practices to prevent the same problem from occurring again in the future.  

Wausau Paper Comapny Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wausau Comapny - Research Paper Example Further, the company managed to grow and expand throughout America making it even more determined to meet customer needs and environmental protection and sustainable production requirements. Termed as the leading paper industry in the U.S., Wausau Paper Industry was founded in the year 1899 as among the first paper industry to be on the Wisconsin River. The individuals who played a part in laying its foundation included personnel such as the brothers E.A and W.L. Edmonds and Norman H. Brokaw under the name Wausau Paper Mills. It has grown substantially from the first mill to the current ten production plants. It was among the first industries to be in North America (WausauPaper, 2015). Later in the year after 1910 it was renamed Mosinee Paper Mills after the establishment of the first integrated mill in the region. This followed the construction of the Wausau Sulphate Fibre Company in Mosinee, Wisconsin. In the year 1928, the firm bought another company, Bay West. Bay West had been in the production of paper napkins among other products such as paper towels and creped papers. The above was made in its efforts to expand its production and the market as well (WausauPaper, 2015). More capital was pumped in during the years 1958 and 1961. As a result of the money, the industry was expanded making the company produce more of its products. The expansion process did not stop there as in the year 1966 there was the purchase of another company, the Nekoosa Edwards Special Products Business. Consequently, its name was changed to Mosinee Paper Corporation four years later (Content, 2013). The company continued to grow further introducing more products to its line. As time went by, there was more market for the products leading to the acquisition of more plants in the Northeast to meet the demand for its products. In the year 1997 there

Imagery, Creativity, and Emergent Structure Lab Report

Imagery, Creativity, and Emergent Structure - Lab Report Example It therefore, discusses three main areas which directly impact creative cognition; creative imagery based on the methods of creative cognition, differentiate between creative imagery under conscious and deliberate controlled environment and imagery that reflects absence of control and the third being the two aspects of creative imagery; intentional and structured and spontaneous and unstructured. According to the author, mental imagery has developed into a distinct subject of research in psychology and cognitive science. The ‘studies have helped to establish that imagery is functionally distinct from other internal processes and that mental images can be distinguished from other forms of mental representation’(Finke, 1989; Kosslyn, 1994). It is a fact that the mind is capable of retrieving images from recess even if no conscious effort was made to commit them to memory. Hence, it can be safely stated that even during the process of intentional recall of an image in some specific format, the mind can generate and explore various other properties of the same image. It is equally true that given a set of perceptual items or forms as preinventive objects, the mind can conjure a host of imaginative inventions that can be interpreted in as many ways as possible. If the object category is not defined, the spontaneity of creative imagery is more inventive. The geneplore model proposed by Finke, Ward, and Smith (1992) describes many aspects of creative thinking and imagination, including the discovery of emergent structures and their possible functions. It is characterized by a unique creative imagery of preinventive forms which is a result of generative processes and explorative process that have been used in conceptualization of the final object. The structured imagery is unconsciously bound by the prior knowledge and thus the emergent structures may

Law of contract Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of contract - Case Study Example In this scenario,there are two questions which arise.First,is the price of 100 listed in the newspaper advertisement binding on Wedding Heaven in the event that they sell the dress.Secondly,does the delay of John cause him in law to have accepted the contract offer of the lower amount of 150In order to give effective analysis to this question it is important to look at relevant Irish case law on this issue in order to determine whether or not such actions constitute a binding contract enforceable in law. There are a number of leading cases in both the Irish jurisdiction and other common law jurisdictions, notably England, which need to be assessed in order to consider this question.This essay shall first analyse the formative components which are necessary for the formation of a contract. Secondly, after assessing the relevant law, these principles will be applied to the current scenario above. Finally, and in conclusion, this paper shall decide whether or not a claim exists in contr act law in the scenario again either Wedding Heaven, or John the DJ. We now turn to the basic contract law principles which currently exist in Ireland.First, we must look at the relevant contract law principles on order to ascertain the current state of the law in Ireland. There are a number of requirements necessary for the formation of a valid contract. This includes offer and acceptance, an intention to create legal relations; and finally consideration. It is the first two elements which this paper shall concentrate on. Offer It is important at the outset to distinguish between and offer and a mere invitation to treat. An offer is when the seller sets out in certain terms what they propose to sell to the potential buyer. In essence, it is the final set of terms which, if accepted by the buyer, would create a valid contract. However, an invitation to treat is not a formal offer, but rather an indication of intent to enter negotiations. It is not possible to accept a mere invitation to treat in order to create a binding contract. Therefore it is important to ascertain the exact intent of any representation as to whether it is a formal offer or simply a declaration of intent. Such declarations may be considered as offers under statute1 or common law2. In general, advertisements are considered to be an invitation to treat. In the English case of C.A. Norgren Co. v Tech-nomarketing,3 Walton J refused a committal order against one of the defendants for allegedly breaching an undertaking given to the High Court that the defendants would not "make, offer for sale, sell or distribute" items that were subject to copyright.4 The defendants distributed a price list and brochure, including an item covered by the undertaking. Walton J. upheld the contention of the defendant that, generally, the distribution of advertising material constituted an invitation to treat and was therefore not an offer. In order to gauge the intention of the seller, this can either be express by way of direct words, or implied by his actions. It has previously been held in case law that a personal quotation of the price of goods was merely an invitation to treat.5 Further, it has also been held that a display of goods for sale with the price labels attached is in all probability only an invitation to treat, whether the products are in a shop window, on a store shelf or indeed in a self-service store6. One of the leading cases is that of Fisher v Bell7 where a shopkeeper displayed in a knife with a price ticket in his shop window. He was charged with offering a flick knife for sale in contravention of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959 s1. It was however held that the shopkeeper was not guilty because displaying the knife in the shop window amounted merely to an invitation to treat. Accordingly, the shopkeeper had not offered the knife for sale within the 1959 Act. Further, In the leading English case of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth Essay Example for Free

Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth Essay An ambitious ascent from a poor Illinois farm boy to occupying the highest political office during one of Americas most turbulent times makes for the literature of hero worship. In the essay entitled Abraham Lincoln the self-made myth Rich Hofstadter challenges the reader to penetrate beneath the surface of the American political tradions and investigate the event and actions that contributed to the Lincoln Myth. To begin with Hofstadter states that one of Lincolnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most endearing qualisties to Americans was his humble origins and the fact that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lincoln was a preeminent example of that self-help which Americans have always so admired,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (121). But he further goes on to state that Lincoln used this to his advantage. First in his campaign speeches always eluding to himself as humble Abraham Lincoln and in the way he addressed his own wife in public as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“motherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (122). See more: Foot Binding In China essay He received distinguished guests in shirtsleeves, and once during his presidency hailed a soldier out of the ranks with the cry, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Bub! Bub!à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The concept of the self-made, simple man played well with the American public thus became à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fully absorbed into his political being,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (124). Historical novels and fictionalized biographies about Lincoln would be amiss of the greater portion of its contents were not dedicated to the slavery issue. Many only give, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a tiresome celebration of the America past with a progressive interpretation of American history of her-worship and national self-congratulation,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Forward 2). In Hostadterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s essay he discusses the slavery issue not with a sentimental approach but with critical analysis. Lincoln was a Southerner by birth. He grew up in communities in Illinois where slavery was rare. Laws against runaway slaves were in force when Lincoln served in the s tate legislature. It was here that Lincoln made his first public statement on slavery by voting against a proslavery resolution.

Love Emerson Transcendentalist

Love Emerson Transcendentalist The broken-hearted can only be mended by love just as only love can change a mans heart; enemies can become friends only through love just as only love can soften the hardest of hearts. In this way, Emerson, as a transcendentalist, portrays love as being a necessity in life; every man wishes, desires, to be loved. For this reason, the world would benefit from showing love to everyone as it causes mankind to care for others, to encourage joy in others. It is something that comes from deep within the soul and if the world experienced more love, humanity would be willing to expand their mind to accept the differences in others. No matter how humans differ from each other, whether by color of skin, religion, or social status, they all deserve love. In â€Å"The Transcendentalist,† Emerson writes that human beings have a â€Å"great wish to be loved† (3). Every person wishes to be loved; they want to be desired and cared for. Erich Fromm describes love as the â€Å"only sane and satisfactory answer to the problem of human existence.† If everyone felt loved and also gave that love to everyone else, the world would be crime-free. Hate crimes, thefts, murders, and even suicides would not occur; it would be ridiculous to hurt the ones we love. People would see each other as equals—black, white, brown, red and yellow would be seen all the same as they are loved. There would be no need to prosecute those with different belief systems—the world would be willing to understand them because of the love they share; burglaries would not occur because the affluent would care enough to gi ve those less fortunate the money they needed; there would be no killing because no one wants to kill the ones they love; and there would be no suicides because they would be loved—and to be loved is a feeling that suppresses all depressed and melancholy feelings. Without love, the existence of humanity would be pointless, as â€Å"a life without love† (Emerson 4) is â€Å"an activity without an aim† (Emerson 4). Old or young, poor or rich, all mankind deserves to be loved. Love pours out from our spirits causing others to feel the happiness we bestow upon them. However this love only works if we love everyone and accept their differences. â€Å"When it [the soul] flows through his affection, it is love† (Over-soul 2). If the world allowed their souls to show, love would flow and affections would be shown. However, we cannot allow ourselves to get caught up with the differences of others but accept them for who they are. Emerson writes, â€Å"if you can love me for what I am, we shall be the happier† (Self-Reliance 6). If the world loved everyone for whom they are, color and religion pushed aside, happiness would come forth, bringing about even more feelings of affection. The world needs this love because everyone should have the opportunity to feel loved and to feel joy. If we let this love flow from within us, we have allowed others to be shown the love we feel for them. This causes them to feel pleasure at being loved, and makes them fo rget about their race and their religion. Without love humanity is nothing; we feel nothing and care about nothing. Even though in the world, there is love, it is important to show our love to others; we need to increase the amount of love in the world so that others feel accepted and welcomed. Transcendentalists believe in individuality and originality—instead of treating others differently because everyone else does, the world needs to rise above and love them just as they love themselves. This way we can treat everyone with the same respect and give them the love they deserve; the love that every man desires. Through love, we can change the world.